-ism

Tanımlar (İngilizce)

1. sonek Used to form nouns of action, process, or result based on the accompanying verb ending in -ise or -ize.

   “baptism (1300), aphorism (1528), criticism (1607), magnetism (1616)”

2. sonek Used to form the name of a school of thought, system, or theory based on the name of its subject or object or alternatively on the name of its founder (When de-capitalized, these overlap with the generic "doctrines" sense below, e.g. Liberalism vs. liberalism.)

   “Lutheranism (1560), Calvinism (1570), Protestantism (1606), Congregationalism (1716), Mohammedanism (1815),: Palamism (1949)”

3. sonek Used to form names of a tendency of action, behaviour, condition, opinion, or state belonging to a class or group of persons, or the result of a doctrine, ideology, or principle or lack thereof.

   “Howard didn't care much for beer, but that night he helped himself to three cans of Vi's new find nevertheless. Vi commented on it, said that if she had known he was going to like it that much, she would have stopped by the drugstore and gotten him an IV hookup. Another time-honored Vi-ism.”

4. sonek Used to form countable nouns indicating a peculiarity or characteristic of language

   “Atticism (1612), Gallicism (1656), archaism (1709), Americanism (1781), colloquialism (1834), newspaperism (1838), Shakespearianism (1886)”

5. sonek Used to form names of ideologies expressing belief in the superiority of a certain class within the concept expressed by the root word, or a pattern of behavior or a social norm that benefits members of the group indicated by the root word. (Based on a late 20th-century narrowing of the "terms for a doctrine" sense.)

   “racism (1932), sexism (1936), classism (1971), speciesism (1975), heterosexism (1979), ableism (1981)”

6. sonek Used to form names of conditions (syndromes, diseases, disorders, defects, addictions) and therapeutical methods or doctrines.

   “aleydigism, daturism, senilism, teratism, cocainism, climatism, humorism”

7. isim Alternative form of ism (“ideology or form of discrimination ending in -ism”)

   “YouTube comments are rough. They dabble in all forms of trolling, bullying, racism, sexism and other offensive -isms, interspersed with endless spurts of nonsensical chatter. Any thoughtful comments are typically lost in a roiling sea of “LOLs,” insults and spam.”